also their federation model is pull-based.
unlike activitypub, which is basically glorified email, afaiu atproto federation expects you to basically have the entire (or most of the) network locally and continuously crawl them for updates. making it much more expensive to host personal instances.
which they solved by... uhh.. relays
> The Relay handles "big-world" networking. It crawls the network, gathering as much data as it can, and outputs it in one big stream for other services to use. It’s analogous to a firehose provider or a super-powered relay node.
whats the point of federation then honestly